IUD (intrauterine device) — substances released
Intrauterine device (copper or hormonal)
🟢 A link with fertility is documented by numerous, converging human studies, endorsed by health authorities.
Share this factsheet
In brief
IUD and fertility: this page reviews IUD (intrauterine device) — substances released (Intrauterine device (copper or hormonal)) — documented mechanism, everyday exposure situations and possible alternatives. Level of evidence: Established.
- Where it's found
- Copper IUD (continuously releases copper ions) or hormonal IUD (locally diffuses a synthetic progestin, levonorgestrel).
- Suspected mechanism
- The copper IUD causes local inflammation of the endometrium and continuous release of copper ions; the hormonal IUD diffuses a progestin directly into the uterus. In both cases, fertility returns quickly after removal.
- Suggested alternative
- No action needed if the device is well tolerated; discuss with your gynecologist in case of pronounced effects (very heavy periods, pain).
- Source
- Gynecological literature on copper/hormonal IUDs and return of fertility.
Frequently asked questions
IUD (intrauterine device) — substances released: how is it linked to infertility?
The copper IUD causes local inflammation of the endometrium and continuous release of copper ions; the hormonal IUD diffuses a progestin directly into the uterus. In both cases, fertility returns quickly after removal.
Where is IUD (intrauterine device) — substances released found in everyday life?
Copper IUD (continuously releases copper ions) or hormonal IUD (locally diffuses a synthetic progestin, levonorgestrel).
How can exposure to IUD (intrauterine device) — substances released be reduced?
No action needed if the device is well tolerated; discuss with your gynecologist in case of pronounced effects (very heavy periods, pain).
What is the level of evidence for IUD (intrauterine device) — substances released?
Established. A link with fertility is documented by numerous, converging human studies, endorsed by health authorities.
Map your everyday exposures in about ten minutes.
Take the questionnaireShare this factsheet
Related factors
Including a factor does not mean it causes infertility: it is simply worth monitoring, depending on its level of evidence.
Content last updated: September 14, 2026