Air pollution
Fine particles, NO₂
Evidence level : Probable ElectronicsMechanism : Environmental / physical burden
🟡 Several human studies point the same way, with a plausible biological mechanism, but the evidence is not yet conclusive.
- Where it's found
- Daily commutes along busy roads, dense urban housing, poorly ventilated wood heating.
- Suspected mechanism
- Fine particles sustain systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, associated with lower semen quality and longer times to conception.
- Suggested alternative
- Favor quiet streets for walking or cycling, and ventilate during off-peak hours.
- Source
- WHO air quality guidelines; studies on fertility and PM2.5.
Map your everyday exposures in about ten minutes.
Take the questionnaireRelated factors
Including a factor does not mean it causes infertility: it is simply worth monitoring, depending on its level of evidence.
Content last updated: September 14, 2026