Air pollution
Fine particles, NO₂
🟡 Several human studies point the same way, with a plausible biological mechanism, but the evidence is not yet conclusive.
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In brief
air pollution and fertility: this page reviews Air pollution (Fine particles, NO₂) — documented mechanism, everyday exposure situations and possible alternatives. Level of evidence: Probable.
- Where it's found
- Daily commutes along busy roads, dense urban housing, poorly ventilated wood heating.
- Suspected mechanism
- Fine particles sustain systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, associated with lower semen quality and longer times to conception.
- Suggested alternative
- Favor quiet streets for walking or cycling, and ventilate during off-peak hours.
- Source
- WHO air quality guidelines; studies on fertility and PM2.5.
Frequently asked questions
Air pollution: how is it linked to infertility?
Fine particles sustain systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, associated with lower semen quality and longer times to conception.
Where is Air pollution found in everyday life?
Daily commutes along busy roads, dense urban housing, poorly ventilated wood heating.
How can exposure to Air pollution be reduced?
Favor quiet streets for walking or cycling, and ventilate during off-peak hours.
What is the level of evidence for Air pollution?
Probable. Several human studies point the same way, with a plausible biological mechanism, but the evidence is not yet conclusive.
Map your everyday exposures in about ten minutes.
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Related factors
Including a factor does not mean it causes infertility: it is simply worth monitoring, depending on its level of evidence.
Content last updated: September 14, 2026